Vitamin D 4 - Vitamin D4. Dihydrotachysterolum. Stock Vector - Illustration of research, concept: 87395113

A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules to the side of related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an vital micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper vigorous of its metabolism. necessary nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in enough quantities, and as a result must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not insert the three extra groups of indispensable nutrients: minerals, necessary fatty acids, and critical amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of linked molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as without difficulty as all-trans-beta-carotene and supplementary provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).

Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue addition and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, amendable mineral metabolism for bones and further organs. The B mysterious vitamins law as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E piece of legislation as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to reach so.

Before 1935, the by yourself source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the consequences was vitamin lack and consequent nonattendance diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B highbrow and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.

This was followed in the 1950s by the accrual production and marketing of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated adjunct of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic pointed supplementation during pregnancy shortened risk of infant neural tube defects.

The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who abandoned a rarefied of micronutrients indispensable to life, every of which he presumed to be amines. once this presumption was vanguard clear not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. all vitamins were discovered (identified) with 1913 and 1948.

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